despite his well-known biases and misrepresentations.9 Much of our information on the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes comes from War 2.119–65; Ant. 13.171–73; 293–98; and 18.12–20. Some of Josephus’s observations seem to be echoed in the New Testament, for example, concerning resurrection: “The Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, or angel, or spirit; but the Pharisees acknowledge all three” (Acts 23:8). A saying attributed to Rabbi Akiba is usually understood in light of Josephus’s description
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